Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Quesons
B.A 1st Semester
COMPUTER SCIENCE (Computer Fundamentals & PC Soware)
Based on GNDU 4-Year Queson Paper Trend (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Computer Fundamentals & Components)
1. Components of a Computer and Their Funcons
(Repeated 4 mes – 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
→ Core fundamental queson. Always asked in rst secon. Must prepare input,
output, storage, processing, and control units with examples.
2. Input Devices – Mouse, OMR, Vision Input Systems
(Repeated 3 mes – 2021, 2022, 2023)
→ Consistently appears under Input Devices secon. Know working principles and
praccal uses.
3. Output Devices – Monitors, Printers, and Ploers
(Repeated 4 mes – 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
→ Appears in almost every paper. Focus on working, resoluon, and output quality.
Summary of Most Repeated (100% Appearance Trend)
Queson Topic
Repeon (2021–
2024)
Probability for 2025
1
Components of Computer & Funcons
4 mes
100%
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Queson Topic
Repeon (2021–
2024)
Probability for 2025
2
Output Devices – Monitor, Printer,
Ploer
4 mes
100%
3
Removable / Opcal Storage Devices
4 mes
100%
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Answer
B.A 1st Semester
COMPUTER SCIENCE (Computer Fundamentals & PC Soware)
Based on GNDU 4-Year Queson Paper Trend (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Computer Fundamentals & Components)
Components of a Computer and Their Funcons
(Repeated 4 mes – 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
→ Core fundamental queson. Always asked in rst secon. Must prepare input, output,
storage, processing, and control units with examples.
Ans: A Fresh Beginning: The Story of the Smart Machine That Changed the World
Imagine a world without computers. No smartphones, no online classes, no ATMs, no
instant messaging, no video games, and no digital entertainment! Life would feel slow,
disconnected, and almost unimaginable.
Now think about your own computer or laptop — it looks simple from the outside, just a
screen, keyboard, and a few buttons. But inside, it’s a marvel of science, working day
and night to perform millions of calculations, process data, and make your life easier.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
You might wonder — how does this “machine brain” actually work? What are the parts
that make it so powerful?
Let’s explore the fascinating world of computers by understanding their components
and functions, told like a story of teamwork — where every part has its own role to play.
Understanding What a Computer Is
Before we dive into the parts, let’s first understand what a computer really is.
In simple terms:
A computer is an electronic device that takes input (data), processes it according to
instructions, and gives output (information).
It also stores data for future use. So, its basic function can be remembered as:
Input → Processing → Output → Storage
This cycle is called the IPO cycle, and every computer — from a tiny smartwatch to a
giant supercomputer — works on this same principle.
Now, let’s meet the team — the main components that make this miracle machine
work.
1. Input Unit – The Messenger of the Computer
Imagine you are talking to your computer. You type letters, move the mouse, or speak
through a microphone. But how does the computer understand you?
That’s where the Input Unit comes in. It acts like a messenger between you and the
machine.
Its job is to take data and instructions from the user and convert them into a form the
computer can understand — that is, into binary code (0s and 1s).
Common Input Devices:
• Keyboard: The most common input device; it allows you to type text and
commands.
• Mouse: Helps you point, click, and interact with items on the screen.
• Scanner: Converts physical documents or photos into digital format.
• Microphone: Records sound or voice as input.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
• Webcam: Captures live images or videos.
• Touchscreen: Works as both input and output device — you can directly touch
options on the screen.
Function: To receive data and instructions from the user and send them to the CPU
for processing.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) – The Brain of the Computer
Just as our brain controls all body activities, the CPU controls and coordinates all the
operations of a computer. It is rightly called the brain of the computer because it
performs calculations, makes decisions, and manages other components.
The CPU has three main parts — let’s meet them one by one.
(a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The ALU is the mathematical genius inside the CPU.
It performs all arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and
logical operations (comparison, decision-making like “greater than”, “less than”, or
“equal to”).
For example, when you calculate 10 + 5 on your computer’s calculator, the ALU is the
one actually doing the math!
(b) Control Unit (CU)
If ALU is the worker, then CU is the manager.
It directs how data moves between the CPU, memory, and other parts. It decides when
to fetch data, where to send it, and how to execute instructions.
In short, the Control Unit controls and coordinates all the operations of the computer.
(c) Memory Unit (Registers and Cache)
This is the CPU’s temporary storage — it holds data and instructions for immediate use.
It’s like the short-term memory of your brain.
Registers store data temporarily during calculations, while the cache helps in quick data
access.
Function of CPU:
To process data and instructions received from the input unit and send the results to the
output unit.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
3. Memory / Storage Unit – The Computer’s Memory Bank
A computer never forgets! But to remember, it needs memory — and it has two main
types: Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
(a) Primary Memory (Main Memory)
This is the computer’s short-term memory.
It stores data and instructions that are currently being used. It works fast but has limited
space and loses data when the power is off.
Types of Primary Memory:
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage; data is lost when power
goes off (volatile memory).
• ROM (Read Only Memory): Permanent storage; contains essential programs like
the one that starts your computer (non-volatile memory).
(b) Secondary Memory
This is the long-term memory of the computer — like your brain’s memory of old
experiences. It stores data permanently until deleted.
Examples:
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• Solid-State Drive (SSD)
• Pen Drives
• CDs/DVDs
• Memory Cards
(c) Tertiary and Cloud Storage
Modern computers also use cloud storage — online memory (like Google Drive or
Dropbox) — to store data safely and access it anytime, anywhere.
Function of Memory:
To store data, instructions, and results — both temporarily and permanently.
4. Output Unit – The Communicator of Results
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Once the CPU processes the data, it needs a way to show the results to the user. This is
where the Output Unit comes into play.
It acts as the communicator between the computer and the user.
It converts the computer’s binary results into a human-understandable form — text,
image, sound, or video.
Common Output Devices:
• Monitor: Displays output visually (text, images, videos).
• Printer: Produces a hard copy of digital documents.
• Speakers: Produce sound output like music or voice.
• Projector: Displays enlarged visuals on a big screen.
Function: To present the processed data (information) in a human-readable form.
5. Communication Devices – The Connectors
Today, computers rarely work alone. They communicate with other devices or
computers through communication components.
These devices help in transferring data from one computer to another.
Examples:
• Modem: Converts digital data into signals for communication over telephone
lines.
• Network Interface Card (NIC): Connects the computer to a network.
• Wi-Fi Adapters: Enable wireless communication.
Function: To connect computers and allow data exchange between them.
6. Peripheral Devices – The Helpers
Besides the main components, there are some supporting devices called peripherals.
They help in input, output, or storage but are not part of the core system.
Examples include:
• External Hard Drives
• USB Flash Drives
• Joysticks (for gaming)
• Digital Cameras
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
These devices make the computer more functional and user-friendly.
Putting It All Together: How a Computer Works
Let’s connect everything through a simple story:
Suppose you want to print your college timetable.
1. You type it using the keyboard (Input Unit).
2. The data goes to the CPU, where:
o The Control Unit directs the flow of data.
o The ALU performs necessary calculations.
o The Memory Unit stores it temporarily.
3. The processed data is sent to the Output Unit (printer).
4. Finally, you get a printed copy — your timetable in your hand!
That’s the magic of teamwork among all computer components.
Main Components at a Glance
Component
Function
Examples
Input Unit
Takes data and instructions
Keyboard, Mouse
CPU
Processes and controls data
ALU, CU, Registers
Memory Unit
Stores data
temporarily/permanently
RAM, ROM, Hard
Disk
Output Unit
Displays or produces results
Monitor, Printer
Communication
Devices
Enables networking
Modem, Wi-Fi Card
Conclusion: The Symphony of Technology
A computer is not just a machine made of metal and wires — it’s a perfect symphony of
coordination and intelligence.
Each part plays its role beautifully, like musicians in an orchestra. The CPU is the
conductor, the input and output devices are the instruments, and memory holds the
notes.
When all these parts work together in harmony, the result is nothing less than a
technological miracle that defines our modern world.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Input Devices – Mouse, OMR, Vision Input Systems
(Repeated 3 mes – 2021, 2022, 2023)
→ Consistently appears under Input Devices secon. Know working principles and
praccal uses.
Ans: Imagine sitting in front of your computer. You move the small device beside your
hand — a mouse — and suddenly, the pointer on the screen moves. You click, drag, and
drop — and the computer instantly understands what you want.
Or think of an examination hall where thousands of answer sheets are filled with dark
bubbles. Instead of manually checking them, a special scanner reads them all in seconds
— that’s the OMR machine at work.
And now imagine something even smarter — a system that recognizes your face, or
reads a car’s number plate automatically. That’s a Vision Input System, a modern marvel
of technology.
All these are input devices, the magical tools that allow humans to “talk” to computers.
Without them, computers would be like silent boxes — powerful, but unable to
understand us.
So, let’s take a journey into this fascinating world of input devices — focusing on three
very interesting ones: the Mouse, OMR, and Vision Input Systems.
1. The Mouse – The Hand of the Computer
A Simple Beginning
Before the mouse was invented, people used to type commands on the keyboard — line
after line. Computers couldn’t be “clicked”; they could only be “told.”
Then came the mouse, invented by Douglas Engelbart in the 1960s, and everything
changed. Suddenly, we could point, click, drag, and interact visually with the computer
screen. It made computing simple, friendly, and fun.
What is a Mouse?
A mouse is a small, hand-held input device that controls a pointer or cursor on a
computer screen.
It allows users to communicate with the computer by moving it across a flat surface and
pressing its buttons.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Types of Mouse
Over the years, the mouse has evolved in many forms. Here are the main types:
1. Mechanical Mouse:
o Contains a rubber ball underneath that rolls when the mouse moves.
o Sensors inside detect the ball’s movement and send it to the computer.
o These were the earliest types, used widely in the 1980s and 1990s.
2. Optical Mouse:
o Uses LED light and sensors instead of a ball.
o The light reflects from the surface, and sensors detect motion.
o More accurate and requires less maintenance.
3. Laser Mouse:
o Uses a laser beam for movement detection.
o Works on almost any surface with high precision.
4. Wireless Mouse:
o Works without a physical cable.
o Uses Bluetooth or radio frequency (RF) to connect with the computer.
5. Touch Mouse:
o Has no physical buttons — uses touch-sensitive technology (like a
smartphone).
Functions of a Mouse
The mouse performs several simple yet powerful actions:
• Pointing: Moving the cursor on the screen.
• Clicking: Selecting an item or opening a program (single or double-click).
• Dragging and Dropping: Moving files or objects from one place to another.
• Scrolling: Moving up and down through documents using the scroll wheel.
• Right-clicking: Opening shortcut menus.
Diagram: Parts of a Mouse
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Importance of Mouse
• User-friendly interface for beginners.
• Fast navigation and easy control in graphical environments.
• Essential for designing, gaming, and multimedia tasks.
• Reduces the need to type long commands.
In short, the mouse became the bridge between human hands and digital worlds.
2. OMR – Optical Mark Recognition
Let’s Begin with a Story
Imagine an exam where thousands of students fill circles on answer sheets. Checking
each sheet manually would take weeks — and mistakes could happen easily.
Now picture a machine that can read all those answer sheets in minutes, scanning every
mark with perfect accuracy. That’s OMR — Optical Mark Recognition.
Meaning of OMR
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) is an input device that detects and records marks
made on specially designed paper using pencil or pen.
It identifies dark marks in predefined positions (like bubbles or checkboxes).
The device scans the paper, senses where marks are present, and converts them into
digital data that the computer can process.
How OMR Works
The working of OMR can be explained step by step:
1. Designing the Sheet:
The sheet is specially printed with boxes, circles, or ovals where answers are
marked.
2. Marking the Sheet:
Students or respondents fill in the appropriate circles with dark ink or pencil.
3. Scanning:
The OMR scanner shines light onto the paper. The dark marks absorb more light,
while blank spaces reflect it.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
4. Detection:
The scanner detects these light patterns and identifies which circles are filled.
5. Processing:
The detected marks are translated into digital form and sent to the computer for
analysis or scoring.
Uses of OMR
• Examinations: For checking multiple-choice question (MCQ) papers.
• Surveys and Polls: To collect data quickly and accurately.
• Application Forms: For processing large amounts of data efficiently.
• Census and Research: To record population or research data.
Advantages of OMR
1. Speed: Processes thousands of forms in minutes.
2. Accuracy: Reduces human error.
3. Cost-Effective: Once setup is done, running cost is low.
4. Efficiency: Saves time for teachers, organizations, and institutions.
Limitations of OMR
1. Special Sheets Required: Ordinary paper cannot be used.
2. Strict Marking Rules: Faint or incorrect marks may not be detected.
3. Initial Cost: The scanners are expensive.
Diagram: Working of OMR
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
3. Vision Input Systems – When Computers Learn to See
A Step into the Future
Close your eyes for a second and imagine:
A car moves through a toll gate — the camera automatically reads its number plate.
Or your smartphone unlocks instantly when it recognizes your face.
All these are examples of Vision Input Systems — the advanced eyes of modern
computers.
Meaning of Vision Input System
A Vision Input System is an input device that allows a computer to capture and
interpret visual information from the real world, such as images, shapes, faces, or
movements.
It is based on computer vision technology, where cameras and sensors collect visual
data, and software analyzes it.
Components of Vision Input System
1. Camera or Optical Sensor: Captures images or video.
2. Lighting System: Provides proper illumination.
3. Processing Unit: Analyzes the captured data.
4. Software/Algorithm: Interprets images and identifies patterns.
How It Works
1. The system captures an image using a camera.
2. The captured image is converted into a digital form.
3. Software analyzes the image — detecting shapes, objects, or text.
4. The output is used for recognition or decision-making.
Examples of Vision Input Systems
• Facial Recognition: Used in mobile phones and security systems.
• Number Plate Recognition: For toll collection and traffic management.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
• Medical Imaging: Helps doctors analyze X-rays or CT scans.
• Robotics: Robots use vision systems to move and interact intelligently.
• Industrial Automation: Used to inspect product quality on assembly lines.
Advantages
• High accuracy and speed in image detection.
• Non-contact method — no physical touch required.
• Reduces human effort and error.
• Plays a key role in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and automation.
Limitations
• Expensive to install and maintain.
• Needs powerful software and hardware.
• Privacy concerns (especially in facial recognition).
Conclusion: The Eyes, Ears, and Hands of the Computer
Input devices are the real heroes behind every computer operation.
While the mouse gives us control and freedom to navigate, the OMR provides speed and
accuracy in data handling, and the Vision Input Systems bring intelligence — allowing
computers to “see” and “understand” the world around them.
Together, they transform a computer from a simple electronic machine into an
interactive, responsive, and intelligent partner in human progress.
Output Devices – Monitors, Printers, and Ploers
(Repeated 4 mes – 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024)
→ Appears in almost every paper. Focus on working, resoluon, and output quality.
Ans: A Fresh Beginning: From Ideas to Reality
Imagine you’re typing your first computer assignment. You write, design, and finally hit
“Print.” Suddenly, your words come alive on paper. Or think of a graphic designer who
draws a beautiful map on the computer — and moments later, the same design appears
perfectly drawn by a machine called a plotter.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
All these moments share one silent hero — output devices.
They are the bridge between the digital world inside the computer and the real world
we live in. Without them, everything we do on a computer would remain trapped on the
screen, invisible to us.
So, let’s explore this fascinating journey — how computers “talk back” to us through
output devices like monitors, printers, and plotters — in a story-like, simple, and
enjoyable way.
What Are Output Devices?
Let’s start from the basics.
A computer is a very intelligent machine, but it cannot speak or show emotions like
humans. It understands only binary language — 0s and 1s. When we give it data, it
processes it using the CPU (Central Processing Unit). But after processing, we need to
see or receive the result — and that’s where output devices come in.
Output Devices are hardware components that present the processed data from the
computer to the user in a readable or understandable form — such as text, graphics,
sound, or hard copy.
In simple terms:
“Output devices are the mouth and hands of the computer — they help it communicate
with us.”
There are many types of output devices — monitors, printers, plotters, speakers,
projectors, etc. But here, we’ll focus on the three most common and important ones:
Monitors, Printers, and Plotters.
1. MONITORS – The Computer’s Window to the World
Imagine a painter without a canvas — impossible, right? Similarly, a computer without a
monitor is like a body without eyes.
A monitor is an output device that displays text, images, videos, and graphics on a
screen. It’s our main way of interacting visually with the computer.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
Meaning and Role
The monitor acts as a visual display unit (VDU). It converts electronic signals produced
by the computer into visual information that we can see. Every time we type, play a
game, or watch a video, the monitor is translating digital data into human-readable
form.
Types of Monitors
Over the years, monitors have evolved — from big, boxy screens to sleek, flat, and
crystal-clear displays.
Let’s take a small trip through time:
(a) CRT Monitors (Cathode Ray Tube)
These are the old, heavy, television-like monitors that were common in the early days of
computing.
How they work:
Inside the monitor, an electron gun fires tiny beams of electrons toward a phosphor-
coated screen. When these electrons hit the screen, they glow, forming images.
Advantages:
• Strong and durable
• Cheaper than modern displays
Disadvantages:
• Bulky and heavy
• Consumes more power
• Causes eye strain after long use
Example: The classic computers of the 1990s mostly used CRT monitors.
(b) LCD Monitors (Liquid Crystal Display)
As technology advanced, LCD monitors replaced CRTs. These are thin, light, and energy-
efficient.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
How they work:
They use liquid crystals placed between two glass plates. A light source passes through
these crystals, and by controlling how much light passes through each part, the monitor
forms images.
Advantages:
• Slim and lightweight
• Consumes less electricity
• Produces sharper images
Disadvantages:
• Slightly costlier
• Limited viewing angles (in early models)
(c) LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode)
This is the most popular type today. It’s an upgraded form of LCD monitor but uses LED
backlighting instead of fluorescent lights.
Advantages:
• Excellent brightness and color quality
• Long lifespan and eco-friendly
• Ultra-thin and stylish design
Disadvantages:
• More expensive than LCD
(d) Touch Screen Monitors
Modern technology has brought touch-enabled monitors, where the user can give
commands by simply touching the screen. These are common in smartphones, ATMs,
and modern laptops.
Conclusion on Monitors
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
In short, monitors are the eyes of the computer — they show us what’s happening
inside the system and allow us to interact visually. From CRT to LED, the journey of
monitors represents the evolution of technology from bulky to beautiful.
2. PRINTERS – Turning Digital Dreams into Paper Reality
Have you ever received a printed certificate, a bill, or a report card? It’s all thanks to
printers, the devices that bring digital content into the physical world.
Meaning
A printer is an output device that produces hard copies of digital documents —
meaning, it prints text or images from the computer onto paper.
Where the monitor shows you things on the screen, the printer gives you a permanent
physical copy.
Types of Printers
There are mainly two categories of printers: Impact and Non-Impact printers.
Let’s understand both with examples and stories.
(a) Impact Printers
As the name suggests, these printers print by striking an inked ribbon against the paper
— just like a typewriter.
Common types:
1. Dot Matrix Printer
o Prints tiny dots to form characters and images.
o Can print multiple copies using carbon paper.
o Commonly used in banks and railway offices.
Advantages: Cheap, durable, can print carbon copies.
Disadvantages: Noisy and low-quality printing.
2. Line Printer
o Prints an entire line at a time.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
o Used in large data centers for high-volume printing.
(b) Non-Impact Printers
These do not strike the paper. Instead, they use modern methods like lasers or ink
sprays.
Main types:
1. Inkjet Printer
o Sprays tiny droplets of ink onto paper to form images or text.
o Used at homes and offices for colorful printing.
Advantages: High-quality color prints, quiet operation.
Disadvantages: Ink is costly and dries up if unused.
2. Laser Printer
o Uses a laser beam and powdered ink (toner) to print.
o Extremely fast and precise.
Advantages: Very fast, high-quality, ideal for offices.
Disadvantages: Expensive compared to inkjets.
3. Thermal Printer
o Uses heat to print on special paper.
o Commonly used for bills and receipts (like in ATMs or shops).
Advantages: No ink required, silent operation.
Disadvantages: Prints fade over time.
Summary on Printers
So, we can say:
Printers are like storytellers — they take the words and pictures from your screen and
bring them to life on paper.
From the noisy dot matrix to the sleek laser printers, these devices show how
technology has made information not just visible but touchable.
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
3. PLOTTERS – The Artist of the Computer World
Now, let’s meet the most artistic output device — the plotter.
While printers print on paper, plotters draw on it. They are mainly used for large-sized,
detailed drawings — such as maps, blueprints, and architectural plans.
Meaning
A plotter is a specialized output device that draws continuous lines on paper using pens.
Unlike printers, which print tiny dots, plotters produce high-precision line drawings.
Types of Plotters
1. Drum Plotter
o Paper is wrapped around a rotating drum.
o The pen moves side-to-side while the drum rotates, allowing the plotter to
draw on the entire surface.
Used in: Engineering drawings and blueprints.
2. Flatbed Plotter
o The paper lies flat on a table, and pens move over it in both X and Y
directions.
o Produces very detailed and accurate drawings.
Used in: Architectural and design industries.
3. Electrostatic Plotter
o Works like a laser printer but for larger images.
o Faster and suitable for color plotting.
Applications of Plotters
• Engineering and construction drawings
• Maps and geographic information systems (GIS)
• Fashion designing
• Interior and architectural plans
In simple words:
Easy2Siksha Sample Paper
A printer prints, but a plotter creates art — precise, smooth, and detailed.
Conclusion: The Computer’s Voice to the World
So, what did we learn from our journey?
Computers process millions of calculations every second, but without output devices, all
that intelligence would remain locked inside. Monitors let us see, printers let us hold,
and plotters let us draw the results of that digital world.
Together, they transform invisible data into meaningful, visible, and tangible forms.
They are not just devices — they are communicators between humans and machines.
In a nutshell:
Output
Device
Main Function
Output
Type
Example Use
Monitor
Displays visual output
Soft copy
Viewing documents, videos
Printer
Prints text/images on
paper
Hard copy
Reports, receipts,
assignments
Plotter
Draws vector graphics
Hard copy
Maps, blueprints, designs
Final Thought:
“If the CPU is the brain of a computer, then output devices are its eyes, hands, and voice
— showing us the beauty of technology in visible, touchable form.”
“This is only a part of the preparation journey.
For full access to repeated questions and detailed answers, purchase our
Premium Papers and boost your chances of scoring higher!”
